http://www.lie2mehrdr.com/index daily 0.75 2020-04-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1463983384004-P2Y1YX8KHEFVJMPGDX79/meeting+place+surface+detail.JPG 黃兼鋒 | LIE2MEHRDR https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1587199586783-3AWIMBF7NX2M30YUGSEH/20200417_SanPaiJi_01%2BDETAIL.jpg 黃兼鋒 | LIE2MEHRDR https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1428125201636-ZOESA971TZXO8MJ2SC02/IMG_0196.JPG 黃兼鋒 | LIE2MEHRDR https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1428125102473-HDVSUX4UN4U2J9AIN6J4/IMG_0005.JPG 黃兼鋒 | LIE2MEHRDR https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1428125161499-GH8U6616M28LLMSIY1TN/IMG_0466.JPG 黃兼鋒 | LIE2MEHRDR https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1409616962649-N0NTERJ3QGA5GTU7R6KA/IMG_0411.JPG 黃兼鋒 | LIE2MEHRDR http://www.lie2mehrdr.com/works daily 1.0 2020-08-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1596260561675-S0FEXKBO1SL5ALAFZ5MW/02+_+San+Pai+Ji+-+Siu+Tou+.jpg Works https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1596260837040-CJAFSVHWNL7M2LDCW8UG/00+_+Dancing+Skeleton.jpg Works - Song and Dance | 做歌舞 Acryllic, graphite, and tung oil soot Ink on paper. 36” wide x 58” long Double Sided https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1596327118047-PQKU96RR08CLWFLNIQZI/SunJyuPai.jpg Works - 神住牌都會寧轉面 Ink and Graphite on Paper 35” wide x 22” Long Sold https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1596318887400-7Z1N3U5OUR680BXQ2EBT/00+_+Yat+Puk+Yat+luk+-+Front.jpg Works - Yat Puk Yat Luk | 一仆一碌 (Front) Acryllic, tea derived pigment, and tung oil soot Ink on paper. 68.25” wide x 36” long Double Sided Work in progress https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1596315370484-U2P5FMYNRSEH37EWB3F3/IMG_0485.JPG Works - Losing Face Drawing on paper with graphite and acrylic 8 Panels 5” x 32” Sold http://www.lie2mehrdr.com/toisan-abugida-part-1 daily 0.75 2021-04-29 http://www.lie2mehrdr.com/toisan-abugida-part-1/2021/4/29/part-one-analyzing-written-languages-and-chinese monthly 0.5 2025-08-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1620438631484-0TV9HILUJAM1K06LO8PG/smp_chinese2.gif Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1620178240016-TV5GWGQTEFZ8LTVACD36/Chinese+Dialect+Map.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - The Chinese Dialect Contiuum The major dialect groups are Yue, Min, Wu, Gan, Xiang, Mandarin. Each subdivides into many more varieties. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1620178253407-04V84KWB95T03BKA0U9V/South+China+Dialect+Breakdown-invert.jpeg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - South China Dialect Subgroups Dialect varieties are themselves not mutually intelligible For Example, Toisan in Guangdong is not necessarily understood by Cantonese speakers from the same province, separated by only 133km. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1620177997811-4GHDGXC6NT5T9EMSX3JF/World+Languages+Overview.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - World Languages Given the previous two maps, imagine the overwhelming linguistic complexity that has continuously developed in most regions of the world. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1620438658459-0OCJEXL27XO52YVMHD3V/smp_chinese3.gif Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1619815371308-LSD34XDOP49CDUZUN1LD/hieroglyphics+-+Inscriptions+2.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - Egyptian Heiroglyphs Well known for their monumental inscriptions, Hieroglyphs combined logographic, syllabic and alphabetic elements, with a total of some 1,000 distinct characters. Hieroglyphs are believed to have been the progenitor of the Phoenician writing system, and therefore all the scripts thereafter, including the Latin alphabet. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1619815375634-OSLYG9Q6KD9UAJQZD99R/Heiroglyphs+-+Rosetta+Stone.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - The Rosetta Stone A landmark discovery of this inscription in three scripts facilitated the decoding of Egyptian writing, which had ceased to be understood sometime between the 4th and 5th centuries CE. The top and middle texts are in Ancient Egyptian using hieroglyphic and Demotic scripts respectively, while the bottom is in Ancient Greek. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1619815371097-HXUS9775YLKLLGO1AKIQ/hieroglyphics+-+evolution+into+vernacular+script.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - The Evolution into Script Hieratic and Demotic are scripts that emerged for vernacular writing between 300 BCE and 450 CE. Meanwhile, Hieroglyphs had already undergone a transformation into a phonetic system in Canaan (upper Sinai Modern Egypt) around 1900 BC to 1801 BC. By the time of Demotic, the script had already split into Phoenician in the Eastern Mediterranean, Ancient North and South Arabian Scripts, Ge’ez in Ethiopia, among others. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1619815379627-LRD1HE8QYY636WD47ZRV/Mayan+-+Glyph+Carving+closeup.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - Mayan Glyphs The Mayan writing system used logograms complemented with a set of syllabic glyphs. The system was used from possibly the 3rd Century BCE until sometime in the 16th century CE. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1619815380305-E78UBFX9LEY23RI87SZW/Mayan+-+Glyph+Carving.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - Mayan Glyphs The Maya civilization is currently a very active area of research. Lidar scanning in regions of Southern Mexico have uncovered very large networks of urban and suburban settlement. While many discoveries likely remain, it is now believed that early forms of the Maya script predate even the Olmec civilization. Pictured: Maya glyphs in stucco at the Museo de Sitio in Palenque. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1619815379886-MPYCEMQG76OW13SHKUES/Mayan+-+syllabary.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - Maya Glyphs Orthography An explanation of how to use the syllabic set of Mayan glyphs for word construction. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1619927328132-JCJ92N9JBR1VYNDC2EEI/Nsibidi+-+ukara-cloth.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - Nsibidi is a system of symbols or early writing indigenous to what is now southeastern Nigeria. Nsibidi does not correspond to any one spoken language, and it’s use facilitated communication among different linguistic groups. Early forms appear with a range of dates from at least 400 AD. Nsibidi was transported to the Americas via the Atlantic slave trade, where its development continued. Anaforuana in Cuba and Veve in Haiti are well documented examples. Presumably many more permutations exist. Pictured: Modern Igbo Ukara cloth from Nigeria, 1983. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1619927328648-8QAGQOYL1W243LFOO73G/Nsibidi+-+translate+ex.png Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - Nsibidi Nsibidi logorams can be created using base symbols in order to construct a representation of an idea. The distinction of this system, is that it allows the writer to communicate a novel concept in a single symbol, that may or may not exist in a particular language’s vocabulary. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1619927328779-8PV6G0JN7SSPQQG9V8Y9/Nsibidi+-+victor-ekpuk-exhibition-get-up-stand-up-2.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - Nsibidi A contemporary expression of Nsibidi in Victor Ekpuk’s piece “Marks and Objects”. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1619820202095-8GNY7QLEYX5TGGANW2EQ/Adinkra_Symbols.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - Adinkra Adinkra are a system of symbols from Ghana that, unique among logographies, represent philosophical concepts and aphorisms. The creation of the symbols is believed to be originally created by the Akan in Ghana and Bono of Gyaman. Because of it’s use in textiles, the term Adinkra can be synonymous with a stamped cloth. Adinkra in clothing were traditionally formal attire for funerals and other very special occasions. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1619929754504-8LFHZA2OUBYKMFKY5K9Q/Adinkra_Cloths.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - Adinkra Alongside traditional logograms, new symbols are created, as pictured here in this selection of textiles. A lexicon expands organically, to the extent that new concepts (and their symbols) are widely adopted. In this sense, Adrinka can provides a glimpse into the essence of a living language. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1619929755389-H79ZDLWWY2MID4RO3LMZ/Adinkra_Tessalation.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - Adrinka https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1619823149263-Y528N3QYJTG74EER7CDZ/Lusona+3.png Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - Sona Ideographic Maps The Sona (singular:  Lusona) drawing is an ideographic tradition known across eastern Angola, northwestern Zambia and adjacent areas of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Mainly practiced by the Chokwe and Luchazi people. These ideographs function as mnemonic devices and are sometimes used as murals, and often drawn in the sand. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1620332671856-SY1SARGG64Z7843Y3PVE/Lusona+-+04.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - Sona Ideographic Maps Sona ideographs are used to communicate stories which are told as the drawing is produced. After smoothing an area of ground, the writer would impress equidistant dots and draw a continuous line between them. The dots can represent entities such as trees, persons or animals, while the lines can represent paths, rivers, fences, walls, contours of a body, etc. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1620332672158-VS2GS380UWGWX5Q42B9O/Lusona+-+06.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - Sona Ideographic Maps These ideographs are also of mathematical interest in their unique representation of a coordinate system and deployment of geometric algorithms. Early petroglyphs from the Upper Zambezi area in Angola and Citundu-Hulu in the Moçâmedes Desert exhibit structural similarities with lusona ideographs. If they are a precursor to Sona, then the system may have been in development since the 1st-century BCE. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1620274073406-T3DDM7FKKHJUYSXC66CF/Silk+Road.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - The Silk Road The great cultural exchange that facilitated the interaction of diverse languages. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1619748893654-M5L3VTMI1OJJB8VMXYSV/24evolmideast.gif Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese Evolution of modern Semitic alphabets from Phoenecian https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1619748893153-P2NHIGSNK1IIPCLLQ241/evollatin.gif Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese Evolution into the Greek and Latin alphabets https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1619748893152-PJ4C723UZQJIMTV94H1M/66greektocyrillic.gif Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese Cyrillic derived from Greek https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1619749900240-EMMQR4C2MFM2L3DLRG38/syriac_serto.gif Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - Serṭā script (ܣܪܛܐ) Syriac was an eastern dialect of Aramaic spoken by Christians in the lands in between the Roman and Parthian empires between the 1st and 12th centuries. Syriac is still used used today as a ritual and literary language by speakers of Neo-Aramaic in Syria. It is also used for sermons in Syrian churches in the southern Indian state of Kerala. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1620271884383-XNC629OPCTVT0YB28PXX/Sogdian_text.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - Sogdian Sogdian was a principle script used in trade during the Silk road. Used by peoples in modern day Central Asia: Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. Pictured here: Fragment of Sogdian story of Rustam and the Demons, 9th century CE. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1619749694262-MUYFEBCS19MP0H79LJ6L/Table+of+Sogdian+scripts.png Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - Sogdian A table with various forms of the Sogdian Scripts and their relation to sounds in Aramaic. (Represented with the Latin alphabet for reference.) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1619749694961-WMGD8UQDZ0SBNCWKZ2QN/Silk+Road.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - Central Asia The silk road consisted of many routes across Central Asia. The languages and scripts that interacted across cultures, began to evolve both where they spread and originated. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1620272295409-RRWOVSNN2QSKQKVFOSTN/Uyghur_script-dateunkown.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - Old Uyghur Script The Old Uyghur alphabet was derived from Sogdian, rewritten vertically to match the format of Classical Chinese. The script was used until the 17th century when it was replaced with the Arabic abjad. Source: Princeton East Asian Library. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1619755899356-2D5TG5WBQ8YOU0WW6JLK/Uyghur_priceton+library.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - Old Uyghur Script Example of Old Uyghur script. Source: Princeton East Asian Library. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1619750359154-D4I6FOMD2TUAHHT5NZQ8/Yuntai_Uyghur_east_wall.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - The Old Uyghur Script In it’s time, the Old Uyghur alphabet was used by many cultures. Despite it’s name, the script began it’s life before the modern Uygurs. It has become associated with them through their contribution to it’s literature and adapting the script for Mongolian. Pictured here: Yuan dynasty Buddhist inscription written in multiple scripts at the Great Wall of China. (East wall of the Cloud Platform at Juyong Pass.) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1620274745735-1HPVESOIER4PIZQP155E/Uighur_alphabet.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - The Old Uyghur Abjad Like the Sogdian abjad, Old Uyghur lacked clear vowel notation. The practice of leaving vowels unrepresented was eventually abandoned, and the script underwent alphabetization. This crucial advancement facilitated its adaptation for other languages. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1619754311772-XYL5YXHLS8XTANXXKYSZ/Mongolian+-+Buddhist+Abb3_l.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - The Mongolian Script Mongolian lacked a writing system until the adoption of the Old Uyghur script. Mongolian was an expanding language at the time, and several discrepancies with dialects as well other languages in proximity, necessitated the creation of a standard true alphabet. Pictured: Buddhist manuscript. Yuan dynasty (1271 to 1368). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1619753934189-WAYWGSWUAJUX3D5NNR11/Manchu+-+Imperial+edict.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - Manchu Script The Manchu alphabet was derived from Mongolian just prior to the Qing dynasty. The Manchus who were then known as the Jurchens, prepared their language for bureaucracy, as they prepared to invade Ming dynasty China. Despite their shared use of this script, the Uyghurs, Mongolians, and Manchus were different cultures, and at different periods of time were major empires. Perhaps for a time, the script was irrevocably linked to the imperial subjugations carried out by the Mongol Yuan and Manchu Qing dynasties. Despite the script lasting well over a thousand years, it almost faded out completely in the 20th century. The Uyghurs adopted the Arabic script, The Mongolians used Cyrillic as part of the former Soviet Union, and the Manchus have assimilated so thoroughly into Chinese society, that their native language is in danger of extinction. Pictured here: An Imperial edict from the Qing Dynasty (1644 to 1912). Precise date unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1620275166216-KBS8CFG391URLRBKMX27/Mongolian+-+modern+calligraphy+Sukhbaatar+Lkhagvador+02.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - Modern Mongolian Calligraphy The Mongolian script is experiencing a revival. In March 2020, the Mongolian government announced plans to increase the use of the traditional Mongolian script and to use both Cyrillic and Mongolian script in official documents by 2025 Artist: Sukhbaatar Lkhagvador https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1620275167019-L69P3A3OA69JEO2VGJT6/Mongolian+-+modern+calligraphy+Sukhbaatar+Lkhagvador+01.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - Modern Mongolian Calligraphy A new chapter for the Mongolian script is now possible, thanks to the work of artists who have kept it alive. Artist: Sukhbaatar Lkhagvador https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1620276534572-GDU0THMPY0R2BPWZDNAN/Chinese+-+Oracle-Bone-Shang-Dynasty.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - Oracle Bone Inscriptions The earliest known form of Chinese writing dating back to the Shang Dynasty: 1554 – 1040 BCE. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1620165507368-LR3PQDBXU0VPUC2SQAEN/Chinese+-+Oracle-Bone-Ink+rubbing+from+Tieyun+Canggui.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - Oracle Bone Inscriptions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1620165579367-EFJKDSTIYY1GA0SUDW87/Chinese+-+Seal+Script+-+modern+interp.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - Seal Script Oracle bone inscriptions would later evolve into various phases of writing forms known collectively as Seal Script. Beginning during the Qin dynasty (221 to 206 BCE) and still used to this day in logos and seal carvings. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1620165577380-FOV044G31YOA2JIQ53WP/Chinese+-+Seal+Script+-+Li+Si.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - Seal Script Seal script characters, and the oracle bone inscriptions depict images of both literal and abstract concepts. During it’s evolution it evolved into a system sophisticated enough for readers to infer meanings based on combinations of base symbols. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1620165580311-5MYQ8LYGF92KP8SYD1HX/Chinese+-+Seal+Script+-+regular.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - Seal Script Many seal script characters are recognizable as their modern Chinese equivalents. The elegance of combining Symbols for imbuing meaning became more obscure as the writing moved into it’s script form. As the shapes became more abstract, their meanings became less visually obvious. Modern Chinese words rely more on combinations of characters, rather then new character formations, as there are already many thousands of characters in use. In addition, phonetics play a larger role than ideographics, especially in loanwords from other languages. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1620165652630-358DY97GRTKYYV0CL3QZ/Comnparison+of+script+evolutions.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - Evolution Into Script early writing systems may have inadvertently created the world’s bureaucracies. With great paperwork came a necessity for greater writing speed. The development of the writing tools allowed orthographies to expand far beyond carvings. Modern form of Chinese characters owe their form to the invention of the brush and ink sticks. Although not usually considered an orthographic feature, hyperlinks are one of the new dimensions to the written word In the digital domain. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1620441129164-3FYFQQ01WXJHFTXJ55GW/Toisan+Abugida+Blogpost+1+image.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1619738145095-4EW7YUVLK8A1V8AM1SWJ/Inscription_displaying_apices_%28LATINALPHABET-+from_the_shrine_of_the_Augustales_at_Herculaneum%29.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - Latin Alphabet The alphabet began its life with the ancient Romans around 700 BCE. Pictured here: inscription from the shrine of the Augustales at Herculaneum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1619738432137-5R4DND8A2WHQQZ3QPZFS/DantesInferno.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - Italian The latin alphabet owes it’s existence to adapting to new languages even in it’s own origin. As seen in this early example of written Italian vernacular. Pictured here: Excerpt from Dante’s Inferno https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1620271037155-6WYU2OFZEJ4NL38V05GR/Latin+-+Ch%E1%BB%AF+Qu%E1%BB%91c+Ng%E1%BB%AF.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - Vietnamese Alphabet : Chữ Quốc Ngữ Despite being many worlds away from Europe, The Latin alphabet was expanded and adapted for transcribing Vietnamese. Pictured here: excerpt from the Vietnamese poem Truyện Kiều by Nguyễn Du https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1619738357614-C8HVEV0KJ88BN5JC9BKN/IPA_chart_2020.png Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese - International Phonetic Alphabet Aka IPA, is the standard character set used by linguists for notating the diverse phonetics of the world’s languages. Based on Latin letters with diacritics and new symbols. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1620438818108-FGMHKT6XKGX2KZ7LN3CY/smp_chinese5.gif Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1620438789662-SH03V7AKHDXIVQWOGXIV/compound+ideographs_chinese4.gif Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1619813131577-AAY9ARQXJYEHB99J927I/Brahmic+-+scripts+spread.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese Map showing the proposed routes that spread Brahmic scripts through Asia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1619813410808-83SUZ2WMTSKHSHR0HGAT/Brahmic_Alphabets.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese Stunning orthographic diversity in South and Southeast Asia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1619812705002-U4YVYNII4T4WI3TDNG2W/Brahmic+-+family-of-scripts-used-in-India-and-southeast-Asia.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese Suggested Lineages of the Brahmic Script. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1619814052957-D499G2LUCYRHFTG3DSVL/Philipino%2BScripts.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese A selection of scripts from the Philippines. Most are not used in any official capacity and are in danger of extinction. A cultural pressure faced by many indigenous groups and their descendants around the world. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1619747357004-ORN99770J8N4732MWK82/022519-03-Ancient-History-Phoenician-Language-Linguistics.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese One of the Kition Necropolis Phoenician inscriptions, dated to the 4th century BCE. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1619747357985-8BQAOHX1RYR722OBV5VR/Pergamonmuseum_-_Vorderasiatisches_Museum_046.JPG Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese The Kilamuwa Stela, a 9th century BCE inscription found in modern day Syria. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52586e6ae4b0ef38087af1cb/1619747359337-0WCZ77GZA7A61USA1YIP/Phoenician.jpg Toisan Abugida Part 1 - PART ONE : Analyzing written languages and Chinese Comparisons of different Phoenician forms. 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